Efficacy of standard and low drift nozzles for insecticide applications against Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) in citrus

Drift is especially critical when spraying fruit, vine and citrus orchards where pesticides are intensively used. In this context, cone low drift nozzles (LDN) intended for spraying tree crops, have been evaluated relating to cone standard nozzles (STN) in laboratory and deciduous fruit orchards (Van de Zande et al. 2012); (Planas et al., 2013)

Analysis of the influence of under sleeper pads on the railway vehicle/track dynamic interaction in transition zones

[EN] Sharp changes in the vertical stiffness levels of a track can increase train and infrastructure deterioration to the point where there is a serious risk of a derailment. Major overloading and unloading forces are created between the different track and vehicle components. This phenomenon has grown in importance as the operational speeds of trains have increased with the expansion of high-speed lines. In order to solve this problem a method has to be found to smooth the changes in vertical stiffness levels along the track. In the present paper, the combination of transition regions and under- sleeper pads (USPs) has been studied. The research has been performed by means of a dynamic vehicle-track interaction model created by synthesizing a series of sub-models of individual effects. The analysed variables allow various track configurations, train travelling speeds and the stiffness of the USPs to be investigated. The obtained results show that combining transition zones with USPs pads allows more homogeneous vertical stiffness levels to be achieved along the tracks which results in improved dynamic behaviour of the vehicle-track system. © IMechE 2011.This work was supported by Ineco-Tifsa.Insa Franco, R.; Salvador Zuriaga, P.; Inarejos Mesa, J.; Roda Buch, A. (2012). Analysis of the influence of under sleeper pads on the railway vehicle/track dynamic interaction in transition zones. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit. 226(4):409-420. doi:10.1177/0954409711430174S409420226

Petrological characterization of flint from Montmaneu's Limestones Formation (Eastern sector of the Ebro Basin)

[EN] Flint from Montmaneu's Limestones Formation of Rupelian age (Oligocene) is being here characterized. The analysis of the compositional texture, mineralogy and geochemical features has revealed this flint is highly pure and of microcrystalline texture, with a significant content of moganite. This flint is product of an early diagenetic replacement of limestone from littoral lacustrine facies. This flint was exploited by human populations in a regional range, especially in the early stages of the Neolithic.[ES] Se caracteriza el sílex de la Formación calizas de Montmaneu, de edad Rupeliense (Oligoceno). El análisis textural, mineralógico y de sus rasgos geoquímicos indica que se trata de un sílex microcristalino, bastante puro, con una proporción significativa de moganita. Es producto del reemplazamiento diagenético temprano de calizas de facies lacustres litorales. Este sílex fue objeto de una explotación regional, especialmente en los primeros momentos del Neolítico.Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de constitución de una litoteca de rocas silíceas del NE peninsular (LITOcat). Los estudios sobre la explotación prehistórica del sílex de Montmaneu se llevan a cabo en el marco del proyecto "Aprofitament prehistòric i històric del sílex a Catalunya: contextos extractius i de primera transformació". Ambos proyectos son financiados por el CSIC-IMF y el Departamento de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya.Peer reviewe

Effects of 238U variability and physical transport on water column 234Th downward fluxes in the coastal upwelling system off Peru

The eastern boundary region of the southeastern Pacific Ocean hosts one of the world's most dynamic and productive upwelling systems with an associated oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). The variability in downward export fluxes in this region, with strongly varying surface productivity, upwelling intensities and water column oxygen content, is however poorly understood. Thorium-234 (234Th) is a powerful tracer to study the dynamics of export fluxes of carbon and other elements, yet intense advection and diffusion in nearshore environments impact the assessment of depth-integrated 234Th fluxes when not properly evaluated. Here we use vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (VmADCP) current velocities, satellite wind speed and in situ microstructure measurements to determine the magnitude of advective and diffusive fluxes over the entire 234Th flux budget at 25 stations from 11 to 16∘ S in the Peruvian OMZ. Contrary to findings along the GEOTRACES P16 eastern section, our results showed that weak surface wind speed during our cruises induced low upwelling rates and minimal upwelled 234Th fluxes, whereas vertical diffusive 234Th fluxes were important only at a few shallow shelf stations. Horizontal advective and diffusive 234Th fluxes were negligible because of small alongshore 234Th gradients. Our data indicated a poor correlation between seawater 238U activity and salinity. Assuming a linear relationship between the two would lead to significant underestimations of the total 234Th flux by up to 40 % in our study. Proper evaluation of both physical transport and variability in 238U activity is thus crucial in coastal 234Th flux studies. Finally, we showed large temporal variations on 234Th residence times across the Peruvian upwelling zone and cautioned future carbon export studies to take these temporal variabilities into consideration while evaluating carbon export efficiency

El Niño‐driven oxygenation impacts Peruvian shelf iron supply to the South Pacific Ocean

Upwelling ocean currents associated with oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) supply nutrients fuelling intense marine productivity. Perturbations in the extent and intensity of OMZs are projected in the future, but it is currently uncertain how this will impact fluxes of redox‐sensitive trace metal micronutrients to the surface ocean. Here we report seawater concentrations of Fe, Mn, Co, Cd, and Ni alongside the redox indicator iodide/iodate in the Peruvian OMZ during the 2015 El Niño event. The El Niño drove atypical upwelling of oxygen‐enriched water over the Peruvian Shelf, resulting in oxidized iodine and strongly depleted Fe (II), total dissolved Fe, and reactive particulate Fe concentrations relative to non‐El Niño conditions. Observations of Fe were matched by the redox‐sensitive micronutrients Co and Mn, but not by non‐redox‐sensitive Cd and Ni. These observations demonstrate that oxygenation of OMZs significantly reduces water column inventories of redox‐sensitive micronutrients, with potential impacts on ocean productivity. Plain Language Summary Some trace metals, including iron, are essential micronutrients for phytoplankton growth. However, the solubility of iron is very low under oxygenated conditions. Consequently, restricted iron availability in oxygen‐rich seawater can limit phytoplankton growth in the ocean, including in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific. Under typical conditions, depleted oxygen on the South American continental shelf is generally thought to enhance iron supply to the ocean, fuelling phytoplankton productivity in overlying waters. However, the impact of changes in oxygenation, which are predicted to occur in the future, are not known. The 2015 El Niño event led to unusually high oxygen on the Peruvian shelf, offering a system‐scale test on how oxygen influences seawater iron concentrations. We show that El Niño‐driven oxygenation resulted in marked decreases in iron and other metals sensitive to oxygen (cobalt and manganese), whilst metals not sensitive to oxygen (cadmium and nickel) were unaffected. The measured reductions in iron may have led to decreased phytoplankton productivity

A New Hybrid Debugging Architecture for Eclipse

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14125-1_11[EN] During many years, print debugging has been the most used method for debugging. Nowadays, however, industrial languages come with a trace debugger that allows programmers to trace computations step by step using breakpoints and state viewers. Almost all modern programming environments include a trace debugger that allows us to inspect the state of a computation in any given point. Nevertheless, this debugging method has been criticized for being completely manual and time-consuming. Other debugging techniques have appeared to solve some of the problems of Trace Debugging, but they suffer from other problems such as scalability. In this work we present a new hybrid debugging technique. It is based on a combination of Trace Debugging, Algorithmic Debugging and Omniscient Debugging to produce a synergy that exploits the best properties and strong points of each technique. We describe the architecture of our hybrid debugger and our implementation that has been integrated into Eclipse as a plugin.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Secretaria de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación) under grant TIN2008-06622-003-02 and by the Generalitat Valenciana under grant PROMETEO/2011/052. David Insa was partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación under FPU grant AP2010-4415.González, J.; Insa Cabrera, D.; Silva Galiana, JF. (2013). A New Hybrid Debugging Architecture for Eclipse. En Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation. Springer. 183-201. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14125-1_11S183201Swi-prolog (1987). http://www.swi-prolog.org/Netbeans (1999). http://www.netbeans.org/Eclipse (2003). http://www.eclipse.org/Omnicore codeguide (2007). http://www.omnicore.com/en/codeguide.htmBorland JBuilder (2008). http://www.embarcadero.com/products/jbuilder/Sicstus prolog spider ide (2009). https://sicstus.sics.se/spider/Caballero, R.: A Declarative Debugger of Incorrect Answers for Constraint Functional-Logic Programs. In: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM-SIGPLAN Workshop on Curry and Functional Logic Programming (WCFLP 2005), pp. 8–13. ACM Press, New York (2005)Davie, T., Chitil, O.: Hat-delta: One Right Does Make a Wrong. In: Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Trends in Functional Programming (TFP 2006) (April 2006)Gestwicki, P., Jayaraman, B.: JIVE: Java Interactive Visualization Environment. In: Companion to the 19th Annual ACM-SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA 2004), pp. 226–228. ACM Press, New York (2004)Giammona, D.: ORACLE ADF - Putting It Together. Technical report, ADF Declarative Debugger Archives (November 2009)Girgis, H., Jayaraman, B.: JavaDD: a Declarative Debugger for Java. Technical report,University at Buffalo (2006)González, F., De Miguel, R., Serrano, S.: Depurador Declarativo de Programas Java. Technical report, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (2006). http://eprints.ucm.es/9114/Hermanns, C., Kuchen, H.: Hybrid Debugging of Java Programs. In: Escalona, M.J., Cordeiro, J., Shishkov, B. (eds.) ICSOFT 2011. CCIS, vol. 303, pp. 91–107. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)Montebello, M., Abela, C.: Design and Implementation of a Backward-In-Time. In: Chaudhri, A.B., Jeckle, M., Rahm, E., Unland, R. (eds.) NODe-WS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2593, pp. 46–58. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)Insa, D., Silva, J.: An Algorithmic Debugger for Java. In: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM 2010), pp. 1–6 (2010)Insa, D., Silva, J.: Scaling Up Algorithmic Debugging with Virtual Execution Trees. In: Alpuente, M. (ed.) LOPSTR 2010. LNCS, vol. 6564, pp. 149–163. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)Insa, D., Silva, J.: loops2recursion Java Library (2013). http://www.dsic.upv.es/~jsilva/loops2recursion/Kouh, H.-J., Yoo, W.-H.: The Efficient Debugging System for Locating Logical Errors in Java Programs. In: Kumar, V., Gavrilova, M.L., Kenneth Tan, C.J., L’Ecuyer, P. (eds.) ICCSA 2003. LNCS, vol. 2667, pp. 684–693. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)B. Lewis. Debugging Backwards in Time. Available in the Computing Research Repository 2003, ( http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.SE/0310016 ), cs.SE/0310016Lienhard, A., Gîrba, T., Wang, J.: Practical Object-Oriented Back-in-Time Debugging. In: Vitek, J. (ed.) ECOOP 2008. LNCS, vol. 5142, pp. 592–615. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)S. Microsystems. Java Platform Debugger Architecture - JPDA (2010). http://java.sun.com/javase/technologies/core/toolsapis/jpda/Mirghasemi, S., Barton, J., Petitpierre, C.: Debugging by lastChange. Technical report (2011). http://people.epfl.ch/salman.mirghasemiNilsson, H.: Declarative Debugging for Lazy Functional Languages. PhD thesis, Linköping, Sweden (May 1998)Nilsson, H., Fritzson, P.: Algorithmic Debugging for Lazy Functional Languages. Journal of Functional Programming 4(3), 337–370 (1994)Pothier, G.: Towards Practical Omniscient Debugging. PhD thesis, University of Chile (June 2011)Shapiro, E.: Algorithmic Program Debugging. MIT Press (1982)Silva, J.: A Survey on Algorithmic Debugging Strategies. Advances in Engineering Software 42(11), 976–991 (2011

Measuring track vertical stiffness through dynamic monitoring

[EN] This paper proposes a methodology for the evaluation of the track condition by means of the measurement of the track stiffness. This magnitude is calculated from vertical acceleration data measured at the axle box of trains during their normal operation. From the corresponding vertical acceleration spectra, the dominant vibration frequencies for each track stretch are identified and the combined stiffness is then determined. Then the stiffness without the contribution of the rail is calculated. The results obtained for a High Speed ballasted track in several track stretches are within the range 120-130 kN/mm, a result consistent with direct stiffness measurements taken during previous studies. Therefore, the proposed methodology may be used to obtain a first insight to the track condition by means of a continuous measurement of the track combined stiffness. This offers an alternative to traditional stationary stiffness measuring devices and might be a useful complement to dedicated continuous monitoring vehicles.Cano, MJ.; Martínez Fernández, P.; Insa Franco, R. (2016). Measuring track vertical stiffness through dynamic monitoring. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport. 169(1). doi:10.1680/jtran.14.00081S169

Dolls/puppets as soulmates – biographical traces of dolls/puppets in art, literature, work and performance

https://dedo.ub.uni-siegen.deDie vorliegende vierte Ausgabe der Zeitschrift denkste: puppe / just a bit of: doll (de:do), ein multidisziplinäres Online-Journal für Mensch-Puppen-Diskurse, greift den Themenschwerpunkt Puppen als Seelenverwandte – biographische Spuren von Puppen in Kunst, Literatur, Werk und Darstellung auf. Es geht um die Frage nach Wirkungen früher Puppenerfahrungen in der späteren künstlerischen Arbeit und damit nach den möglichen (biographischen) Wurzeln und Zusammenhängen von Puppenmotiv und Puppen-Narrativen im künstlerisch-literarischen Werk. Puppenbezüge in Werk- und Schaffensprozessen können frühe Erfahrungen biographischer Brüche und Verletzungen transformieren bzw. sie künstlerisch produktiv integrieren, sie können aber auch Ausdruck für Kontinuität und Intensivierung früher Prägungen und Vorlieben sein. In den vorliegenden Beiträgen geht es um puppenbezogene künstlerische Ausdrucksformen, die als Beiträge hier formal unterschiedlich aufbereitet werden: als wissenschaftsbasierter Text, Selbstbericht, Miszelle, Rezension, Interview und: Kunstwerk. Untersucht und thematisiert werden Puppen-Sammlungen, die Herstellung besonderer Puppen, literarische Puppentexte, Inszenierungen und Bilder. Außerdem wurden weitere Beiträge einbezogen, die Puppen als Varianten „künstlicher Menschen“ in unterschiedlichsten Themenbezügen behandeln. In vielen Beiträgen deutet sich an, dass die Affinität zum „Phänomen Puppe“ in seinen verschiedenen künstlerischen Umsetzungsformen auf biographisch geprägte Spuren verweist: als Ausdrucks- und Darstellungsmittel steht die Puppe somit auch für etwas Besonderes der Menschen, die sich künstlerisch auf sie beziehen und mit ihr interagieren und „spielen“.This fourth issue of denkste: puppe / just a bit of: doll (de:do), a multidisciplinary online journal for human-doll discourses, takes up the thematic focus on dolls/puppets as soulmates – biographical traces of dolls/puppets in art, literature, work and performance. It is about the impact of early doll experiences in later artistic work and thus about the possible (biographical) roots and connections of doll motifs and doll narratives in artistic-literary work. Doll/puppet references in work and creative processes can transform early experiences of biographical breaks and harm or integrate them in an artistically productive way, but they can also be an expression of continuity and intensification of early experience and preferences. The present contributions deal with doll/puppet-related artistic forms of expression, which are formally presented in different ways: as science-based text, self-report, miscellaneous, review, interview and: work of art. Doll/puppet collections, the making of particular puppets, literary puppet texts, performances and images are examined and addressed. In addition, further contributions were included, which deal with dolls as variants of "artificial humans" in the most diverse thematic contexts. Most of the contributions indicate that the affinity to the “phenomenon of the doll” in its various artistic forms of realization refers to biographically shaped traces: as a means of expression and representation the doll thus also stands for something special about the human beings who refer to it artistically and interact and "play" with it

Uptake, accumulation and metabolization of the antidepressant fluoxetine by Mytilus galloprovincialis

Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, is among the most prescribed pharmaceutical active substances worldwide. This study aimed to assess its accumulation and metabolization in the mussel Mytillus galloprovincialis, considered an excellent sentinel species for traditional and emerging pollutants. Mussels were collected from Ria Formosa Lagoon, Portugal, and exposed to a nominal concentration of fluoxetine (75 ng L-1) for 15 days. Approximately 1 g of whole mussel soft tissues was extracted with acetonitrile:formic acid, loaded into an Oasis MCX cartridge, and fluoxetine analysed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSn). After 3 days of exposure, fluoxetine was accumulated in 70% of the samples, with a mean of 2.53 ng g(-1) dry weight (d.w.) and norfluoxetine was only detected in one sample (10%), at 3.06 ng g(-1) d.w. After 7 days of exposure, the accumulation of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine increased up to 80 and 50% respectively, and their mean accumulated levels in mussel tissues were up to 4.43 and 2.85 ng g(-1) d.w., respectively. By the end of the exposure period (15 days), both compounds were detected in 100% of the samples (mean of 9.31 and 11.65 ng g(-1) d.w., respectively). Statistical analysis revealed significant accumulation differences between the 3rd and 15th day of exposure for fluoxetine, and between the 3rd and 7th against the 15th day of exposure for norfluoxetine. These results suggest that the fluoxetine accumulated in mussel tissues is likely to be metabolised into norfluoxetine with the increase of the time of exposure, giving evidence that at these realistic environmental concentrations, toxic effects of fluoxetine in mussel tissues may occur. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved